• Fixed pulley 

	Does not multiply force.
	Changes the direction of the effort force.
	Mechanical advantage is equal to one.

• Movable pulley

	Multiplies effort force but cannot change direction of the effort force.
	Mechanical advantage is the effort distance divided by the resistance distance.

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• Wheel and axle  a lever that rotates in a circle around an axle.
  • Two wheels of different sizes connected - the axle being the smaller wheel.
  • EF applied to the wheel is multiplied at the axle.

• Electricity
  • Properties and types of electric charge (positive, negative, what repels, what attracts)
  • Electrostatic charge
  • how objects become charged
  • rubbing, contact with a charged object, induction
  • (gaining electrons or losing electrons, moving electrons within the object)
  • Electrical force
  • Coulomb’s Law of electrostatics: dependence on charge and distance
  • Similarities and differences from gravitational force
  • Electric field
  • electric potential (potential energy per unit charge, units: volts)
  • electric potential difference (difference in electric potential between two points, units: volts)
  • electric current (units: Amperes (or Amps))
  • electric circuits
  • how to make (what must be the case to have an electric circuit?)
  • definition of resistance (units: Ohms)
  • Ohm’s Law
  • Series and parallel circuits (how they work, how to find V, I, R, P in different circuits)
  • How to find equivalent resistance of complex (more than one resistor) circuits
  • Electric power (P = IV = energy/time)
  • Which is more dangerous- high voltage or high current flow?
  • conductors, insulators, semi-conductors
• Magnetism
  • magnetic poles (north, south, what repels, what attracts)
  • magnetic force, magnetic field, dependence of force on distance
  • Magnetic domains, what makes an object "magnetic"
  • Ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic materials
• Relationship between electric and magnetic fields
  • moving charges (current) produce a magnetic field (electromagnet)
  • magnetic fields affect moving charges
  • changing magnetic fields induce a current (electromagnetic induction)
  • light (electromagnetic radiation) is a self-propagating electromagnetic disturbance
• Important general concepts:
  • • Like charges (or magnetic poles) repel, opposite charges (or magnetic poles) attract
  • • An object in which a charge has been induced behaves like a charged object even though there is
  • no net positive or negative charge on the object.
  • • The concept of a force field helps us quantify the effect of forces which act at a distance for any
  • point in space.
  • • Electric fields and magnetic fields are intimately related.